Alice S Ryan

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Diet and Exercise: Race, Postmenopause and Metabolism

Alice S Ryan

30 September 2001 - 31 August 2007
NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING

(Verbatim from application) African American women are more obese and insulin resistant than Caucasian women. This research is designed to determine whether overweight African American women respond differently to hypocaloric weight loss (WL) or aerobic exercise plus weight loss (AEX+WL) than do Caucasian women. The hypothesis is that ethnic differences (African American vs. Caucasian) in the mechanisms by which WL affects insulin sensitivity in overweight, insulin resistant African American postmenopausal women requires that the WL be accompanied by AEX in African American women to improve insulin sensitivity. Specific aims determine 1) the race effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on insulin action on glucose and fat metabolism in African American compared to Caucasian women by assessing insulin sensitivity (EC50), and FFA suppression during hyperinsulinemia; and 2) the cellular mechanisms by which the addition of AEX to WL affects insulin sensitivity in African American compared to Caucasian women by ascertaining the effects of WL vs. AEX+WL on proteins affecting insulin action (GLUT4, IRS 1 and Pl-3 kinase) in skeletal muscle, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. We will study healthy, overweight (Body Mass Index, 27-35 kg/rn2) 50-60 year old postmenopausal African American and Caucasian women. Metabolic studies will be performed before and after either hypocaloric weight loss treatment (n=30 per race) or aerobic exercise training plus weight loss (n=30 per race). Insulin sensitivity and free fatty acid concentrations will be determined during a 3-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. We will measure total body fat (DXA scans), visceral fat and mid-thigh low density lean tissue (CT scans), glucose and insulin responses during an oral glucose tolerance test, skeletal muscle GLUT4, IRS 1, Pl 3-kinase, and insulin suppression of lipolysis in adipocytes. These findings may provide a rationale for targeting specific populations of women who might improve glucose and fat metabolism more from the addition of exercise to hypocaloric weight loss than weight loss alone.

22 Resulting Publications

• 1.

  2012

  Alice S Ryan; Heidi K Ortmeyer; John D Sorkin

  Exercise with calorie restriction improves insulin sensitivity and glycogen synthase activity in obese postmenopausal women with impaired glucose tolerance.

  American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2012;302(1):E145-52.

• 2.

  2011

  Alice S Ryan; Andrew Buscemi; Larry Forrester; Charlene E Hafer-Macko; Frederick M Ivey

  Atrophy and intramuscular fat in specific muscles of the thigh: associated weakness and hyperinsulinemia in stroke survivors.

  Neurorehabilitation and neural repair 2011;25(9):865-72.

• 3.

  2011

  Lyndon J Joseph; Ronald L Prigeon; Jacob B Blumenthal; Alice S Ryan; Andrew P Goldberg

  Weight loss and low-intensity exercise for the treatment of metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women.

  The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2011;66(9):1022-9.

• 4.

  2011

  Steven J Prior; Andrew P Goldberg; Alice S Ryan

  ADRB2 haplotype is associated with glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese postmenopausal women.

  Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2011;19(2):396-401.

• 5.

  2011

  Alice S Ryan; Frederick M Ivey; Steven Prior; Guoyan Li; Charlene Hafer-Macko

  Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and muscle myostatin reduction after resistive training in stroke survivors.

  Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation 2011;42(2):416-20.

• 6.

  2010

  Susan K Fried; Thomas Tittelbach; Jacob Blumenthal; Urmila Sreenivasan; Linda Robey; Jamie Yi; Sumbul Khan; Courtney Hollender; Alice S Ryan; Andrew P Goldberg

  Resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in adipocytes of African-American compared to Caucasian postmenopausal women.

  Journal of lipid research 2010;51(5):1193-200.

• 7.

  2009

  Alice S Ryan; Richard F Macko; Matthew N Peters; Frederick M Ivey; Steven J Prior; Lyndon J Joseph; Charlene E Hafer-Macko

  Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in stroke survivors.

  Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2009;18(3):214-20.

• 8.

  2009

  Steven J Prior; Michael J McKenzie; Lyndon J Joseph; Frederick M Ivey; Richard F Macko; Charlene E Hafer-Macko; Alice S Ryan

  Reduced skeletal muscle capillarization and glucose intolerance.

  Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994) 2009;16(3):203-12.

• 9.

  2009

  Natalie E Silverman; Barbara J Nicklas; Alice S Ryan

  Addition of aerobic exercise to a weight loss program increases BMD, with an associated reduction in inflammation in overweight postmenopausal women.

  Calcified tissue international 2009;84(4):257-65.

• 10.

  2008

  Cynthia M Ferrara; Andrew P Goldberg; Barbara J Nicklas; John D Sorkin; Alice S Ryan

  Sex differences in insulin action and body fat distribution in overweight and obese middle-aged and older men and women.

  Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme 2008;33(4):784-90.

• 11.

  2008

  Charlene E Hafer-Macko; Alice S Ryan; Frederick M Ivey; Richard F Macko

  Skeletal muscle changes after hemiparetic stroke and potential beneficial effects of exercise intervention strategies.

  Journal of rehabilitation research and development 2008;45(2):261-72.

• 12.

  2008

  Michael J McKenzie; Shuzhen Yu; Richard F Macko; John C McLenithan; Charlene E Hafer-Macko

  Human genome comparison of paretic and nonparetic vastus lateralis muscle in patients with hemiparetic stroke.

  Journal of rehabilitation research and development 2008;45(2):273-81.

• 13.

  2007

  Frederick M Ivey; Alice S Ryan; Charlene E Hafer-Macko; Andrew P Goldberg; Richard F Macko

  Treadmill aerobic training improves glucose tolerance and indices of insulin sensitivity in disabled stroke survivors: a preliminary report.

  Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation 2007;38(10):2752-8.

• 14.

  2007

  Wayne B Scott; Krisann K Oursler; Leslie I Katzel; Alice S Ryan; David W Russ

  Central activation, muscle performance, and physical function in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

  Muscle & nerve 2007;36(3):374-83.

• 15.

  2007

  Steven J Prior; Lyndon J Joseph; Josef Brandauer; Leslie I Katzel; James M Hagberg; Alice S Ryan

  Reduction in midthigh low-density muscle with aerobic exercise training and weight loss impacts glucose tolerance in older men.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2007;92(3):880-6.

• 16.

  2006

  Rong-Ze Yang; Mi-Jeong Lee; Hong Hu; Toni I Pollin; Alice S Ryan; Barbara J Nicklas; Soren Snitker; Richard B Horenstein; Kristen Hull; Nelson H Goldberg; et al.

  Acute-phase serum amyloid A: an inflammatory adipokine and potential link between obesity and its metabolic complications.

  PLoS medicine 2006;3(6):e287.

• 17.

  2006

  Alice S Ryan; Barbara J Nicklas; Dora M Berman

  Aerobic exercise is necessary to improve glucose utilization with moderate weight loss in women.

  Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 2006;14(6):1064-72.

• 18.

  2006

  Steven J Prior; James M Hagberg; Chad M Paton; Larry W Douglass; Michael D Brown; John C McLenithan; Stephen M Roth

  DNA sequence variation in the promoter region of the VEGF gene impacts VEGF gene expression and maximal oxygen consumption.

  American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2006;290(5):H1848-55.

• 19.

  2006

  Cynthia M Ferrara; Andrew P Goldberg; Heidi K Ortmeyer; Alice S Ryan

  Effects of aerobic and resistive exercise training on glucose disposal and skeletal muscle metabolism in older men.

  The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2006;61(5):480-7.

• 20.

  2005

  Charlene E Hafer-Macko; Shuzhen Yu; Alice S Ryan; Frederick M Ivey; Richard F Macko

  Elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha in skeletal muscle after stroke.

  Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation 2005;36(9):2021-3.

• 21.

  2004

  Tongjian You; Alice S Ryan; Barbara J Nicklas

  The metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women: relationship to body composition, visceral fat, and inflammation.

  The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2004;89(11):5517-22.

• 22.

  2004

  Alice S Ryan; Barbara J Nicklas

  Reductions in plasma cytokine levels with weight loss improve insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese postmenopausal women.

  Diabetes care 2004;27(7):1699-705.

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