Family and Community Medicine

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Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among Egyptian healthcare workers in a national liver diseases referral centre.

Sayed Abdelwahab; Eman Rewisha; Mohamed Hashem; Maha Sobhy; Iman Galal; Walaa R Allam; Nabeil Mikhail; Gehan Galal; Mohamed El-Tabbakh; Samer S El-Kamary; et al. (Profiled Authors: Samer S El-Kamary; G Strickland)

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt. sayed.abdelwahab@med.miniauniv.edu.eg
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2012;106(2):98-103.

Little is known about the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among healthcare workers (HCW) in Egypt, where the highest worldwide prevalence of HCV exists. The prevalence of HCV, hepatitis B virus and Schistosoma mansoni antibodies was examined in 842 HCWs at the National Liver Institute in the Nile Delta, where >85% of patients are HCV antibody-positive. The mean age of HCWs was 31.5 years and they reported an average of 0.6±1.2 needlesticks/HCW/year. The prevalence of anti-HCV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and co-infection was 16.6%, 1.5% and 0.2%, respectively. HCV-RNA was present in 72.1% of anti-HCV-positive HCWs, and all but one subject were infected with HCV genotype 4. Schistosoma mansoni antibodies were present in 35.1%. The anti-HCV rate increased sharply with age and employment duration, but not among those with needlestick history. After adjusting for other risk factors, the anti-HCV rate was higher among older HCWs [P<0.001; risk ratio (RR) = 1.086, 95% CI 1.063-1.11], males (P=0.002; RR=1.911, 95% CI 1.266-2.885) and those with rural residence (P<0.001; RR=2.876, 95% CI 1.830-4.52). Occupation (P=0.133), duration of employment (P=0.272) or schistosomal antibody positivity (P=0.152) were not significant risk factors for anti-HCV positivity. In conclusion, although one in six HCWs had been infected with HCV, the infections were more likely to be community-acquired and not occupationally related.

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