Cancer Medicine

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Internalization of C60 fullerenes into cancer cells with accumulation in the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex

Mustafa Raoof; Yuri Mackeyev; Matthew A. Cheney; Lon J. Wilson; Steven A. Curley (Profiled Author: Steven A Curley)

Biomaterials. 2012;33(10):2952-2960.

A highly water-soluble, non-ionic, and non-cytotoxic fullerene malonodiserinolamide-derivatized fullerene C 60 (C 60-ser) is under investigation as a potential nanovector to deliver biologic and cancer drugs across biological barriers. Using laser-scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, we find that PF-633 fluorophore conjugated C 60-ser nanoparticles (C 60-serPF) are internalized within living cancer cells in association with serum proteins through multiple energy-dependent pathways, and escape endocytotic vesicles to eventually localize and accumulate in the nucleus of the cells through the nuclear pore complex. Furthermore, in a mouse model of liver cancer, the C 60-serPF conjugate is detected in most tissues, permeating through the altered vasculature of the tumor and the tightly-regulated blood brain barrier while evading the reticulo-endothelial system. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

PMID: 22245558     PMCID: PMC3268891

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