Bastiaan Driehuys

DUKE, School of Medicine, Radiology, Radiology

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In vivo MR imaging of pulmonary perfusion and gas exchange in rats via continuous extracorporeal infusion of hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe

Zackary I. Cleveland; Harald E. Möller; Laurence W. Hedlund; John C. Nouls; Matthew S. Freeman; Yi Qi; Bastiaan Driehuys (Profiled Author: Bastiaan Driehuys)

PLoS ONE. 2012;7(2).

Background: Hyperpolarized (HP) ¹²⁹Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits high resolution, regional visualization of pulmonary ventilation. Additionally, its reasonably high solubility (>10%) and large chemical shift range (>200 ppm) in tissues allow HP ¹²⁹Xe to serve as a regional probe of pulmonary perfusion and gas transport, when introduced directly into the vasculature. In earlier work, vascular delivery was accomplished in rats by first dissolving HP ¹²⁹Xe in a biologically compatible carrier solution, injecting the solution into the vasculature, and then detecting HP ¹²⁹Xe as it emerged into the alveolar airspaces. Although easily implemented, this approach was constrained by the tolerable injection volume and the duration of the HP ¹²⁹Xe signal. Methods and Principal Findings: Here, we overcome the volume and temporal constraints imposed by injection, by using hydrophobic, microporous, gas-exchange membranes to directly and continuously infuse ¹²⁹Xe into the arterial blood of live rats with an extracorporeal (EC) circuit. The resulting gas-phase ¹²⁹Xe signal is sufficient to generate diffusive gas exchange- and pulmonary perfusion-dependent, 3D MR images with a nominal resolution of 2×2×2 mm ³. We also show that the ¹²⁹Xe signal dynamics during EC infusion are well described by an analytical model that incorporates both mass transport into the blood and longitudinal relaxation. Conclusions: Extracorporeal infusion of HP ¹²⁹Xe enables rapid, 3D MR imaging of rat lungs and, when combined with ventilation imaging, will permit spatially resolved studies of the ventilation-perfusion ratio in small animals. Moreover, EC infusion should allow ¹²⁹Xe to be delivered elsewhere in the body and make possible functional and molecular imaging approaches that are currently not feasible using inhaled HP ¹²⁹Xe. © 2012 Cleveland et al.

PMID: 22363613    

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